analysis of newspapers

Analysis of the newspapers: - Newspapers and the differences between them

Financial Times - pictures to engage the reader - significant people on the front cover to illustrate what/who the stories are based on - does not feature the remembrance poppy

The Guardian
- the content is formal and shows the proper news - the positive and negative stories going on in the world.  - displayed in neat columns with a myriad of text - less colour than the tabloids, text and titles are in black and white


Daily Mail - Less text, therefore a large title covering over half of the front cover. - More colour - Inclusive - the poppy - symbolic - Spice Girls, a well known pop group that is likely to engage fans and those interested in celebrity gossip.

The Daily Telegraph - Contrasts from the Daily Mail because it focuses on higher social classes as opposed to lower ones; such as The Sun where it discusses celebrity stories and drama, based on false news. - Politics - upper classes - intellectual readers - Small text, to fit more stories/more content 

Daily Mirror - big story of a hate crime - celebrity drama of Ant and court - large title - advertising of a tv programme 

Daily Star - offers and compares itself to The Sun on the front cover - '10p cheaper than The Sun' - celebrity stories - informal language - pun/word play - entertaining factors to engage the audience - bold/capital letters 


Daily Express - large titles covering the front cover - presented as a lower social group newspaper - deals included - suggests the lower social classes also, so they can afford - not as educated to understand complex vocabulary
The Independent - politics and talks of the environment and parliament - less colour - only in image of Donald Trump - Donald Trump symbolises politics and connects countries because he is the president of America 
The Times - significant logo between the title symbolises politics and old history - little chnages have been made - shows target audience can be for the older generation and those interested in Brexit and other polititions. - statistics and figures - controversial topics such as cancer, Donald Trump
Metro - Newspapers such as the Daily Mail and Metro include something 'free' in order to make it more appealing to customers, so they want to purchase or read the article. - offers at the bottom of the page to show its unformal - it promotes deals and discounts. - minimal text 
The Sun - larger images than newspapers such as The Guardian and The Independent - uses less factual text - main focus on celebrities lives as opposed to the day to day people

Online Newspapers

Advantages and Disadvantages of online newspapers

Advantages -

• Live updates
• More practical
• Favor what you want to see
• Free (paywalls - Daily telegraph and The Times)
• Contact papers quickly
• Comments on news - Audience participation
• Easy to share
• More interactive

Disadvantages - 

• You need internet
• Constantly updating 
• Less accessible to the older generation 
• More information in the paper
• Pop ups
• Long term eye strain
• Technical errors

Cultivation Theory

George Gerbner:

• The repetition of images, stories etc. begin to shape our beliefs 

Representation: 

Teenagers: moody, spotty, lazy

Muslims: terrorists 

Gypsy's: caravans, tramp 

America: fat, loud 

Doctors: clever, smart 

Essex Girls: fake 

Newspapers

CUPPTUNE

C : CONTINUITY stories that are already in the news,continue to run are updated 
U : UNEXPECTEDNESS an event that is a shock or out of the ordinary
P : PERSONALISATION  stories that include human interest 
P : PROXIMITY  stories that are closer to home 
T : THRESHOLD the bigger the impact and reach of the story 
U : UNAMBIGUOUS stories that are easy to understand 
N : NEGATIVITY  bad news is more interesting 
E : ELITE PERSONS  stories about important people and powerful nations 

Analysing Daily Mail and Guardian

Tabloid:
For example: The Sun, The Daily Mail, Daily Mirror 

Media Values/language: 

- Personalisation: stories that include human interest. 

This is shown in the skyline 'how you can  find your valentine'. This personalisation isn't necessary news - far from serious and elite persons - but it is used to engage the audience and display an interest that apply to most people.

The language shown playful, and is slightly informal, by using the pronoun 'you' captivates the viewer, seeking their interests. Additionally the bold capitals, colorful image and blue background stand out to the audience. 

- Unexpectedness: an event that is a shock or out of the ordinary. 

This is displayed by the noun 'murderers' (in bold captivating letters) in the headline, as it has happened unexpectedly and is horrifically shocking. Furthermore 'if we are wrong' highlights that the Newspaper infers the audience as whole - 'we' - informing all classes, genders and age. 

- Negativity: Bad News is more interesting - ' If it bleeds, it leads.'
This is portrayed by the noun 'murderers' - an unlawful killing. Additionally, this captivates the viewers as bad news is known to be more interesting. 

- Audience: Teens and above, also people who are interested in this aspect; criminology. 

This Newspaper includes: 

- Bold font 

- Less text 

- Informal aspects (layout and text)

- Color 

- A gift 

- One main headline
- A myriad of images
- Bold and daring layout

Broadsheet: 
For Example: The Guardian and the Daily Telegraph 

Media Values/language: 

- Personalisation: stories that include human interest. 
This is shown by the headline 'Time to tax the rich to help the poor, says IMF.' Subsequently, this interests all classes - equally the poor and rich; due to being good news for the poor but disrupting news for the rich. Some may disagree.

-Proximity: Stories that are closer to home are more likely to be included. 
This affects both classes, possibly for the worse and the best. Furthermore, this type of 'demand' seems to give no option - practically forcing the rich. Therefore this dramatically changes the system; including a 'closer to home' approach.

- Continuity: stories that are already in the News continue to run and are updated. 
This seems to be a continuous theme, I personally have seen people talk and write about this aspect a lot, therefore I believe this will appear often in the news, updating the public on further transactions.

- Two juxtaposing language features have been used in this newspaper; demanding and emotive. For example the noun 'time' seems to apply a forcing approach, almost enough is enough, the rich need to change their needs and pay tax for the poor. Also, the verb 'help' creates a sense of sympathy, showing that they are in desperate need for this system to happen.

- Audience: 20's and above, also people who pay tax. 

This Newspaper includes:

- 70% text and 30% images
- More text
- More formal
- Less colour
- More black and white
- Serious writing
- Politics - upscale
- Old fashioned font
- Higher super groupings
- Smaller pictures
- Intelectual

representation theory

Stuart Hall - Representation 

opposition, negotiated, preferred readings 

Opposition: when an audience reads a text in the opposite way the media intended to.
Negotiated: audience is allowed  to bring their own experience alongside the medias intentions. 
Preferred readings: when an audience reads a text in the way that the media intended it to. 

Stuart Hall believes in stereotypes and that they are often negative and are the result from inequality. 

HEGEMONIC POWER:  dominant groups in society controlling those less powerful. 

D disability 
R representation

C class
A age
G gender
E ethnicity 
S sexuality